Students should get

- a basic comprehension of the human physiology, especially of electrophysiologic processes and
- develop comprehension of interactions between the human body and electromedical devices
 

Content of the course:

• Introduction of anatomy and physiology

• Basics of electrophysiology

• Interaction between current and biological tissue

• Physiological controll circuits

• Selected chapters of electromedicine

  • Medical measurement engineering

  • intensive-care medical equipment technology

  • Pacemakers and defibrillators

  • Portable medical technology (Personal Health Care)
     

Literature of this lecture:

• The script for the lecture Introduction to Medical Engineering is available in our office.

Additional literatur to the lecture:

• The textbook "Medical Systems"  by S. Leonhardt and M. Walter (eds.), is suggested as sublementary literature (in German)

Students develop an advanced understanding of multivariable system analysis and apply modern robust control techniques. This includes the application of modern multivariable analysis and control tools for complex processes in order to design feedback controllers for processes with uncertainties and multiple and opposed design goals. Students understand and apply state-space, as well as frequency domains methods, for multivariable systems.

Content:

• Fundamentals of multivariable systems and representation

• Analysis of multivariable systems, modelling of uncertainties

• General control configuration, performance and robustness

• H2- (LQR/LQG) control

• Introduction to robust Hinf-control

• Implementation aspects of robust controllers

• µ -Synthesis

After participating in the module course "Medical Technology Systems: Medical Instrumentation and Signal Processing", students are able to perform the following:

• The students understand important metrological basics of medical technology.

• They will be able to design measurement circuits for physiological signals.

• They will be able to design a measurement chain from sensor to analogue circuit to digital signal processing and adapt it to application specific requirements.

• Understand the operation of diagnostic devices and techniques, such as ultrasound, electrical impedance tomography or the cochlear implant.

• Students will have an advanced understanding of the interaction between the human body and electromedical devices.

• They will be familiar with specific digital signal processing techniques such as time-frequency analysis and source separation.

• They will be able to independently analyse engineering problems in medical technology and develop solutions.

Additional literatur to the lecture:

The book "Medizintechnische Systeme" is suggested as sublementary literature

At the end of the module, students are able to understand methods of theoretical modelling of dynamic systems. They are capable of thinking in analogy and can determine the basic similarities between electrical and mechanic systems. Furthermore, the students can analyse integrated mechatronic systems and describe their partial components.

• Introduction to mechatronics

  • Overview

  • Motivation

  • Structure
     

• Fundamentals of theoretical model building
   

• Systems and system definition
   

• Constitutive equations

  • Conservation of quantities

  • State equations

  • Phenomenological equations
     

• Modelling of mechanical systems

  • Mechanics (kinematics and dynamics)

  • Newton’s equation

  • Dynamic modelling

  • Spring-Mass-Damper Systems

  • 2nd order Lagrange equation
     

• Modelling of electrical systems

  • Electrical systems (Kirchhoff, complex calculations)

  • Dynamic modelling of electrical circuits

  • Dynamic modelling of linear actors and drives

  • 2nd order Lagrange equation for electrical and electro-mechanical systems

• Modelling of hydraulic and thermal systems

  • Energy balance

  • Flow properties

  • Electrical analogies/electrical equivalent circuits
     

• Generalized Four-Pole-Theory

  • Basics

  • Analogies: mechanic/electrical/chemical/thermal systems

  • Generalised flow and potential
     

• Robotic systems

  • Introduction

  • Description of a serial kinematic chain

  • Dynamic modelling with 2nd order Lagrange equations
     

Literature of the lecture:

The script Modeling of Mechatronic Systems is available in the institute's office

This lecture introduces the basic concepts of unobtrusive and non-contact measurement methods of vital signs based on the physiological and physical origins of the respective signals. The following contents will be addressed in the lecture:

1. physiology and physics of the cardiorespiratory system

2. capacitive electrocardiography

3. reflective photoplethysmography

4. ballistocardiography and seismocardiography

5. magnetic induction measurement

6. laser Doppler vibrometry and radar

7. LIDAR and Time-of-Flight sensors

8. photoplethysmography imaging

9. infrared thermography

10. fusion algorithms for vital parameter extraction

11. compensation of motion artifacts

12. application case: vital sign monitoring in a car

13. application case: sensor fusion in the incubator

Based on the fundamentals of unobtrusive and non-contact measurement methods of vital signs, after attending the module, participants will be able to:

• understand the physiological and physical origins of vital signs data

• understand and implement different concepts of unobtrusive and non-contact extraction methods of vital parameters

• evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of specific concepts for different environmental variables

• create concepts for fusing unobtrusive and non-contact sensing to optimize for signal coverage

• detect motion artifacts in vital signs data and compensate for them using appropriate algorithms

Previous Knowledge Expected:

Recommended: Contents of B.Sc. lecture „Einführung in die Medizintechnik“

Literature in German:

Medizintechnische Systeme,

Springer Vieweg Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016, Erste Edition

Steffen Leonhardt, Marian Walter

ISBN 978-3-642-41238-7

Literature in English:

Upcoming book on
“Unobtrusive and Contact-free Monitoring of Vital Signs”
Steffen Leonhardt, Markus Lueken and Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

C. Brüser, C. H. Antink, T. Wartzek, M. Walter and S. Leonhardt, "Ambient and Unobtrusive Cardiorespiratory Monitoring Techniques," in IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 8, pp. 30-43, 2015. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2015.2414661

S. Leonhardt, L. Leicht, D. Teichmann. „Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments - A Review”. Sensors (Basel). 2018 Sep 13;18(9):3080. doi: 10.3390/s18093080

At the end of the module, students are able to understand methods of theoretical modelling as well as the identification and control of dynamic systems. They are capable of thinking in analogy and can determine the basic similarities between electrical, mechanic, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal and medical systems. Furthermore, the students can analyse and control integrated mechatronic systems. Additionally, students gain the skill to use Matlab/SIMULINK to model, identify and solve control oriented problems.

• Identification of dynamic systems

  • Graphical methods

  • Identification with Bode-Diagrams and step-response

  • Least Squares Method

  • Excitation function
     

• Digital control systems
   

• Methods for fault diagnostics

  • Feature extraction

  • Signal-based methods

  • Modell-based methods

  • Classification
     

• Simulation of mechatronic systems

  • Simulation in state space (Analogue Computing)

  • Processes for digital simulations (numerical integration methods)

  • Matrix-exponential-method

  • Time-discrete modelling of linear systems
     

• Adaptive control systems

  • Gain scheduling

  • Self tuning regulators

  • Model-based adaptive control
     

• Rapid Control Prototyping:

  • V-cycle as a development scenario

  • Hardware and software in-the-loop

  • V-cycle for mechatronic systems
     

Literature of the lecture:

The script Identification and Control of Mechatronic Systems is available in the institute's office

Focus of the lecture's part I are physiological basics and modelling of physiological systems. Themes will be: heart and bloodstream, kidney and renal functions, brain/sensory organs, respiration and digestion. Additionally models of intracrainial pressure control and artificial respiration/pulmonary function diagnostics are presented. The docent also imparts principles of electronical devices and their sensory technology.

Additional literatur to the lecture:

• The textbook "Medical Systems"  by S. Leonhardt and M. Walter (eds.), is suggested as sublementary literature (in German)